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South Korea

South Korea is one of the world’s most important semiconductor manufacturing centres, with particular strength in memory and high-bandwidth memory through companies including Samsung Electronics and SK hynix.

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Why It Matters

The rise of artificial intelligence has increased the strategic importance of advanced memory. South Korea therefore occupies a critical position in the hardware stack that supports frontier AI computing.

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The World Beneath the Chip — semiconductor manufacturing system and engineer

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A chip can fit on the tip of a finger. The system required to make it stretches across continents.