Place / Region
Europe
Europe holds several highly specialised positions in the semiconductor system, particularly in lithography, precision optics, research and selected specialty semiconductor technologies.
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Why It Matters
The ASML–ZEISS ecosystem demonstrates that strategic semiconductor power does not come only from owning fabs. A small number of European capabilities are difficult to substitute and essential to advanced manufacturing elsewhere.
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Related Stories
THE DOSSIER
The World Beneath the Chip
A chip can fit on the tip of a finger. The system required to make it stretches across continents.